The house of wisdom

The place of knowledge The House of Wisdom Contextual investigation: Al-Khwarizmi. Abu Jafar Al-Mansur was playing it safe with his new majestic capital, Baghdad, for this was to be a city like no other. The second Abbasid caliph of the Muslims requested his draftsmen to check the format of the dividers of his proposed city, an ideal hover, with regards to the geometric lessons of the caliphs cherished Euclid, the incomparable Greek mathematician who lived in the fourth and third hundreds of years B.C, and was had practical experience in geometry (Hayhurst). Twelve years before work started on the capital, al-Mansurs sibling Saffah finished the topple of the Umayyad tradition, which has ascended to control in the Muslim world three decades after the passing of the Prophet Muhammed in 632. Saffah, sent his powers under the Abbasids unmistakable dark flags to chase down the rest of the individuals from the House of the Umayyads. The main critical figure to get away from alive was Prince Abd al-Rahman, who fled to North Africa before proceeding to set up Western Calip hate in southern Spain. Nonetheless, the triumph of the Abbasids, who discovered it politically conceivable to pronounce their immediate heredity to the Prophet through his fatherly uncle Abbas, was less a blood question between a maturing tradition and an aggressive actor that it was a broad social upset all through the Islamic grounds. Al-Mansurs youthful court was for all intents and purposes encompassed by built up focuses of Christian, Persian, and agnostic learning; then again, he needed to go searching for one significant component of what may be called Abbasid scholarly strategy. At the caliphs greeting, an Indian academic designation talented in the developments of the beginnings showed up in Baghdad bearing Hindu logical writings, a significant hopping off point for early Arab stargazing and science. The Hindu sages saw how to illuminate conditions dependent on trigonometric sine work and had concocted shrewd approaches to anticipate shrouds. The caliph requested an official interpretation of the Hindu material into Arabic, some portion of an inexorably sorted out exertion to assimilate Persian and Indian information. This equivalent methodology, joined by much unique exploration was soon a while later applied with the antiquated learning of the Greeks (Lyons). The Umayyads laid the preparation for logical request, however quite a bit of their initial spotlight was on inquiries of Islamic law and the act of medication, a field where they, similar to their replacements, depended intensely on Christian doctors from Syria and Persia. The Abbasid caliphs delibrately pushed back these limits to make more space for the investigation of both way of thinking and the hard sciences. As indicated by the Arab student of history Said al-Andalusi, who kicked the bucket in 1070, a great part of the credit for this goes to the organizer of Baghdad:There was a flood in soul and an enlivening in knowledge. The first of this line to develop science was the subsequent caliph, Abu Jafar al-Mansur. He was, notwithstanding his significant information on rationale and law, extremely keen on theory and observational space science; he was attached to both and of the individuals who worked in these fields (Lyons). Another writer takes note of that the caliph coordina ted various outside interpretations into Arabic, including exemplary works of Hindu, Persian, and Greek researchers, and set the heading for future examination. Once possessing these books, the open read and considered them enthusiastically. (Lyons) To have the tremendous size of work expected to examine, decipher, and store the immense volume of Persian and Greek writings, al-Mansur built up an imperial library demonstrated after those of the incomparable Persian lords. Working space, regulatory help, along with money related help were likewise required for the little armed force of researchers who take up these errands and afterward expand on them in inventive and unique manners. This was the cause of what got known as Bayt al Hikma or the House of Wisdom the aggregate institutional and majestic articulation of early Abbasid scholarly desire and authority state strategy. Additional time, the House of Wisdom came to involve an interpretation authority, a library and book vault, and an institute of researchers and learned people from over the realm. Its abrogating capacity, be that as it may, was the defending on priceless information, a reality reflected in different terms applied now and again by Middle Easterner history speci alists to depict the venture, for example, the Treasury of the Books of Wisdom or just the Treasury of Wisdom. Specialists subsidiary with the magnificent establishment staffed the caliphs observatory also and participated in logical tests at his order. In any case, the House of Wisdom additionally assumed a significant job in the development of Abbasid scholarly works (Lyons). Enormous totals of open assets were devoted to the House of Wisdom and related ventures of social and scholarly improvement. Indeed, even discretion and now and again war, was saddled to the drive for more prominent information. Abbasid designations to the adversary Byzantine court regularly passed on demands for duplicates of significant Greek writings, effectively making sure about works by Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, Galen, and Euclid; a duplicate of Ptolemys galactic showstopper before long got well known among the Arabs. The persuasive ninth-century researcher and interpreter Hunaun ibn Ishaq gives a sample of the length to which the Arab sages would go to get essential material, for this situation a missing clinical composition: I myself looked with extraordinary energy in journey of this book over Mesopotamia, the entirety of Syria, Palestine and Egypt, until I came to Alexandria. I didn't discover anything, with the exception of about portion of it, in Damascus (Lyons). The caliphs and their authorities were not by any means the only ones behind this battle. The exertion turned into a necessary element of the Abbasid society itself and was upheld eagerly by the social and political first class, from high conceived rulers to dealers, investors, and military officials. Indeed, even the mistresses of the caliphs were known once in a while to contract with researchers for specific interpretations. A previous robber and beloved companion of Caliph al-Mamun, the seventh Abbasid ruler, transformed his own office for soothsaying into tremendous political influence and riches; he later fathered three youngsters, known as the Sons of Musa, every one of whom did unique examination in space science, arithmetic, and building and liberally financed different researchers and interpreters. Grants and other scholarly exercises turned into a significant methods for social headway, further separating what survived from the Arabs conventional chain of importance. They additionally empowered rivalry for support among researchers from various customs, principally Arab and Persian, a marvel that guaranteed that top notch logical and abstract work would be done for a considerable length of time. The most talented interpreter could win enormous wholes of their work one was presumed to have been paid the heaviness of each finished original copy in gold or ascend to high office on the quality of their scholarly achievements. Without this institutional help, the impressive gifts of the different researchers now under Abbasid rule could never have joined into an amazing scholarly development. Through the span of 150 years, the Arabs interpreted all accessible Greek books of science and reasoning. Arabic supplanted Greek as the widespread language of logical request. Advanced education turned out to be progressively sorted out in the early ninth century, and most significant Muslim urban areas included some kind of college. One such organization, al-Azhar mosque complex in Cairo, has been the seat of continuous guidance for more than one thousand years. Researchers made a trip huge spans to concentrate with the most praised experts, spotted all through the domain. Travel, and the going with presentation to new encounters and better approaches for intuition, was a significant component of a researchers training in a general public that held extraordinary worship for the expressed word; other than eye to eye, by what other means could an educated man meet his partners and gather and discussion their thoughts? Nobody accomplished more to propel the most recent patterns and afterward clarify and promote the outcomes than the mathematician and stargazer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. Conceived around 783, al-Khwarizmi had the option to exploit the social portability and scholarly meritocracy that described early Abbasid insightful life in Baghdad. Little is known about his careful beginnings, in spite of the fact that his name recommends that he or his family initially originated from Khwarazm. Al-Khwarizmis Muslim confidence is clarified by the devout preludes to a portion of his works, yet his relatives may have been Zoroastrians. Al-Khwarizmis long periods of most noteworthy efficiency related with the rules of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mamun and his two replacements Al-Mutasem and Al-Wathiq. As a noticeable specialist joined to al-Mamuns House of Wisdom, al-Khwarizmi proceeded to accomplish uncommon statures in such teaches as space science, number juggling, and variable based math. He was considered at the leader of the foundation (Sayili). Al-Khwarizmi is known to be the writer of the zij, a book containing galactic tables. His initial two tables were known as the Sindhind. The zij furnished the Muslims with all the apparatuses expected to find the places of the sun, the moon, and the five obvious planets. The zij was utilized generally to manage the five every day petitions and to check the sickle moon which decides the beginning of the lunar month. Al-Khwarizmis Arabic content has been lost, yet it gets by in twelfth century Latin interpretation. There exists the evidence that the alleged Arabic numerals were passed on toward the West. For Muslims, The Book of Addition and Subtraction clarified completely a framework that was at that point in some utilization by the early ninth century, and inside somewhat more than 100 years it had prompted the disclosure of decimal parts. As a matter of fact, the book was known as the Book of Addition and Subtraction to the Hindu Calculations, and this uncovers Muslims were availab le to numerous developments and they constructed their insight upon more seasoned civic establishments and logical revelations. The Indians we

Project Management Processes for a Project Essay Example for Free

Undertaking Management Processes for a Project Essay In the interest to convey extraordinary item programming for inward clients of the organization, the determination of a fitting procedure technique is basic. One of the divisions saw that the information in the company’s inner frameworks didn't mirror the genuine information in other office frameworks. A venture group was created to make another overhauled framework that will support information from the two divisions effectively and precisely. The undertaking extent of the task was to concentrate on the attributes of every office specifics and converge into a useful framework. The task represented certain deterrents that settled on the choice to which strategy procedures to actualize a significant one. A portion of these obstructions were one of the department’s approaching information that didn't take a similar course contrasted with different offices to enter the primary database. This represented an issue to ensuring that the refreshed programming had the option to get and support the information accurately. Furthermore, the discoveries had presumed that this specific issue was one of the fundamental explanations behind the inconsistencies in the old framework. The real inconsistencies of information approaching into the old framework consequently would cause distortion over all divisions that wound up creating very of turmoil. In this manner, the need to utilize the fitting procedure is basic to guarantee that the most troublesome deterrents questions to most would should be tended to viably. The procedure picked was from the Project Management Institute that utilizes the idea of Initiate-Plan †Execute †Control †Close to finish the task. The PMI procedure exhibited all the territories of center to more readily distinguish, resolve and complete the required assignments effectively. The utilization of the procedures made a chance to connect with the colleagues all the more legitimately on explicit territories that are yet characterized. Because of the intricate usage of innovation programming that expected to impart information from two distinctive vantage focuses, the PMI forms strategy took into account intends to dismember certain parts successfully. The primary phase of the PMI procedures to start is really an approach to build up an examination plan, all together, to distinguish any unanticipated issues or concerns. The exploration is a region that permits all colleagues to address certain worries of the undertaking. The IT division assumed a vital job in giving their vantage purpose of the innovation side for a measure to meet in the last examination. The exploration activity gave a chance to see through the various perspectives from a specialized viewpoint that could be confused through an alternate methods for venture forms. The exploration position gives the inception to hinder any confusion recently associated with the IT office or different offices that could make detours. The PMI procedure to starting with the starting of the undertaking takes into account the recognizable proof of all criteria’s paving the way to resulting stages. In this way, the action definition went connected at the hip with the exploration part of the task since it fortifies the recognizable proof of the ideal expectations to partners. From there on the attention on arranging considers the discoveries from the examination to be a smooth progress to assign on whom, what, and when to go further. The real arranging stage helps with having the option to isolate the errands from the reliant assignments to guarantee fruition of the expectations. The arranging stages strengthen the reported information through the inception for any traps in effectively executing a significant framework update that will bolster more than 5,000 workers. The arranging stage ensures that the following period of execution by the colleagues will be directed in a systematic procedure because of the commencement on looking into the task. Moreover, the control stage will tie down a way to not go over spending plan on a significant and complex undertaking because of commencement recently set up. The end of the undertaking will aid the control stages because of the capacity to arrange all assets in a convenient issue and on track.

Situational Leadership

Administration Styles is an idea that has been generally contemplated. Different researchers at various occasions have attempted to get pioneers and styles of authority. The wide consideration given to pioneers and administration vouch for the significance of pioneers in the general public. Pioneers are found at various zones of the society.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Situational Leadership explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More They offer bearings to the general public on different issues. Authority is significant in associations. Pioneers inside an association are relied upon to offer initiative on different issues experienced in an association. Much the same as there are numerous pioneers, the styles of authority likewise fluctuate. Expectedly, administration styles are arranged in different gatherings, for example, transformational versus translational initiative and legitimate, just and free rule style. In spite of the fact that these are t he significant classes of initiative, styles of administration are known to fluctuate from one pioneer to the next (Sharlow 2006, para 2). Pioneers can change the manner in which they carry on, their character and initiative style. Situational initiative style, created by Ken Blanchard and Paul Hersey clarifies the capacity of pioneers to adjust their authority style to various circumstances. Initiative style can be clarified as the methodology that an individual take in driving others. It includes the manners by which pioneers propel, coordinate and interface with their devotees (Sharlow 2006, para. 3). Initiative has been considered as a main consideration in the accomplishment of an association in the ongoing past. Successful authority empowers an association to meet its objectives and addition upper hand (Hughes, Ginnett Curphy 2006, p. 81). Organizations’ conditions have changed essentially in the ongoing past. To be compelling, pioneers must be adaptable to different au thority circumstances. They should have the option to manage their subordinates in various manners relying upon circumstances. Compelling initiative delineates the way where a pioneer can alter their style of administration relying upon the individuals being driven and the separate missions. Situational administration proposes four styles that a pioneer can receive contingent upon circumstance. These incorporate coordinating, supporting, instructing and assigning (Cooley 2001, para. 3).Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Situational authority is viewed as a component of leader’s character, bunch character and circumstance. It is spoken to by the recipe: L=f (LP, GP, S) (Cooley 2001, para. 2). This suggests administration style fluctuate with character of the pioneer, character of subordinate and the circumstance. Gathering character and circumstances chang e as often as possible. The character of the gathering may change with training, experience and different factors in subordinates. Initiative circumstances then again shift contingent upon the missions and other inner and outer components. A compelling pioneer should thusly have the option to conform to these elements by accepting the most suitable administration style. Pioneers can have the option to change their conduct. Utilizing situational administration style, pioneers can have the option to alter their initiative style contingent upon authority circumstances just as nature of subordinate. The four administration styles can be fitting at various circumstances (Cooley 2001, para. 5). Capacity of a pioneer to pick the most proper style for a circumstance decides administration achievement. For example, when managing unpracticed subordinate, a pioneer can embrace coordinating initiative style. Through this style, pioneers give direct guidelines on what could possibly be done tail s it up to guarantee that the guidelines are clung to. After the subordinates have increased an extensive encounter, a pioneer can utilize instructing style where switch of follow up is decreased. Contingent upon the certainty of the pioneer on the subordinate, supporting and designating styles can be embraced. As of now, the business condition has gotten serious. So as to get by in this condition, it is indispensable for firm’s supervisory group to think about creating and supporting their upper hand. Administration is one elements influencing upper hand. Associations with powerful pioneers are capable fashion their way in the serious condition in this manner getting fruitful. Situational authority style is one of the best administration styles in the changing industry condition. By fusing this style, a pioneer can have the option to apply the most fitting initiative style contingent upon situations.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Situational Leadership explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Cooley, R. 2001. Administration in an activity, not a word. Web. Hughes, R., Ginnett, R. Curphy, G., 2006, Leadership: Enhancing the exercises of understanding. (fifth Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Sharlow, B. 2006. Situational Leadership. Web. This exposition on Situational Leadership was composed and presented by client Cayden Nolan to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

George Sorors Essay Research Paper Many economists free essay sample

George Sorors Essay, Research Paper Numerous financial specialists concur that there is a significant unsteadiness between the developing of planetary monetary framework and the improvement of a free society. One of these monetary specialists who concurs with this point is George Soros. Soros puts together his situation mainly with respect to the Thai emergency that rushed the cash emergency in Asia. Other than the Russian surrender incurred ephemeral mayhem on the Western monetary framework, and generally late, the instability of the universe? s securities exchanges has caused most financial specialists much shiver. George Soros contends that in the last 20 mature ages, the outgrowth of market fundamentalism, that is the idea that business sectors need just be controlled by the powers of net gain and rivalry, has contorted the capacity of cash-flow to the degree that it is today a more prominent hazard to open society than any authoritarian. Soros contends that entrepreneur economy, when entirely unregulated will in general sheer wild, similar to an auto taking a bend too much quick. We will compose a custom paper test on George Sorors Essay Research Paper Many financial specialists or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Choice by business sectors are flippant however non indecent. Soros accepts that industrialist economy can be usefully intervened by and loosened society . He does non indicate precisely what this implies, however he recommends that society requests to have the option to explore different avenues regarding social worth frameworks. Principles of right and wrong may change with building and with cultural methodology ; in any case, the commitment of the area in choosing battles, and in a majority rule society, he sees as inescapable. Fitting to Soros? supposition exorbitantly, to have the option to balance out and adjust a truly planetary monetary framework, the universe will require a planetary arrangement of political dynamic. So, a planetary society is expected to back up the planetary financial framework. A planetary society does non mean a planetary territory. What makes Soros? claims fascinating is that the best protection from this idea is originating from the United States. Notwithstanding, there has neer been a clasp when a solid lead from the United States and other similar states could achieve such amazing and generous outcomes. With the correct feeling of driving and with clarity of plan, the U.S. what's more, it? s Alliess could help to settle the planetary financial framework and to augment the maintain cosmopolitan human qualities.

The Benefits of Using Academic Writing Services

The Benefits of Using Academic Writing ServicesWriting the paper is an important part of any educational institution. This is one of the responsibilities of the faculty, staff and students who are involved in the academic writing services of a college or university. Most students are required to write their school and personal essays and publications that require great academic writing skills.Usually, the academic writing services of a school or university covers assignments that require academics. These are often the papers that will be used for class-room presentation, on tests, in thesis or dissertation writing and even as thesis research material. Students would need to understand the importance of academic writing and therefore would take lessons from this part of the process and practice their writing skills to develop writing skills.The academic writing services of a school or university include advising students and preparing them for their assigned project. Some schools also provide book editing and proofreading services. Some of the services provided by the academic writing services include proofreading or revising, writing, editing, and short story or essay. They may also help develop the school or personal essay.Professional writers provide the writing services of the college or university. Writing services are required in any institution that has students as the primary audience, such as a college or university. Writing services provided by writers are focused on the needs of the school or university in making certain that it can maximize its own time and resources.When a school or a university wants to engage the services of professional writers, they often hire academic writing services, which include writers from various universities and from different fields. Writers who are the best in their field often work at schools or universities because they are recognized for their excellent writing skills. The academic writing services of these writers are focused on providing a writing experience that makes the school or the university comfortable with the writer's process and style.Professional writers are known for their extensive knowledge and experience. Their written work speaks volumes about their ability and talent. A well-experienced writer with decades of experience will always deliver the results expected from him or her.The writers employed by the academic writing services of a school or a university would help in developing and sharing academic writing skills among students, teaching staff and other members of the community. Academic writing services would also help students by providing them with excellent and interesting sources for sources, quotes and information. The professional writers work closely with the professors and teachers of the school or the university to facilitate effective communication and learning. The teachers and students of the university or school can read the writing samples of the writers a nd enjoy what they have to offer.The writers in the academic writing services of a school or a university to create a writing environment where all the students, teachers and lecturers feel at ease with each other. The scholars and students have the chance to discuss and argue about their opinions in an informal atmosphere that allows the students to discuss without insulting one another. Academic writing services is one way of establishing a comfortable and welcoming environment in which the students, faculty and lecturers can voice their opinions and ideas with one another in an appropriate and professional way.

Analyzing Zami The Mother and the Motherland in the Formation of a Black, Queer, Female Identity - Literature Essay Samples

In Zami: A New Spelling of my Name by Audre Lorde, Lorde invents a new genre that she calls â€Å"biomythography,† a genre in which she can explore her experiences, emotions, and life-journey in a way that emphasizes emotions, eroticism, and the mythological. Through the development of this genre, Lorde presents reality and myth woven together in harmony, as opposed to being presented in a traditional Western binary. This allows Lorde to explore various relationships in her life in a unique way that rejects binary opposition and Western/colonial modes of thinking. Lorde’s complex relationship with her mother and her motherland, Carriacou, is crucial to the formation of her queer, Black, female identity. Lorde’s relationship with Linda is strongly connected to Linda’s ties to Carriacou, the motherland; Lorde’s seemingly physical and erotic desires surrounding her mother represent a longing beyond physicality. Through her often rocky relationship with her mother, Lorde longs for emotional intimacy, female community, and home. Lorde’s mother was an immigrant from Carriacou, a place that Lorde had never been and could not find on a map until she â€Å"was twenty-six years old† (Lorde 14). Linda’s stories of Carriacou made Lorde imagine Carriacou as â€Å"a sweet place, [†¦] my truly private paradise† (Lorde 14). Throughout the book, the images of Carriacou serve as a mental spot of respite for Lorde. However, without her mother, Lorde would have no concept of her paradise, as she notes when she writes that â€Å"home was [†¦] a place I had never been to but knew out of my mother’s mouth† (Lorde 256). Audre’s own ties to the motherland depend on her mother, thus creating a direct connection between Linda and a sense of home and belonging. In her essay â€Å"Becoming Her Mother’s Mother,† Stephanie Li writes, â€Å"The vexed relationship between Lorde and her mother is the foundation of the poet’s journey to voice and home in the text† (Li 141). Most often, the fights between Lorde and her mother surround her mother’s emotional unavailability. Scholar Bethany Jacob writes, â€Å"Lorde’s lesbianism [serves] as an effort to fill the void of love left by Linda† due to Linda’s harshness and emotional unavailability. This prompts the eroticized image of Linda, which is not a reflection of physical desires, but of emotional desire instead. In one passage, Lorde describes a scene in which she has â€Å"a fantasy of [her] mother, [†¦] looking down upon [her] lying on the couch, and then slowly, thoroughly, [†¦] touching and cares sing each other’s most secret places† (Lorde 78). This early description of Audre’s same-sex desire stems from her mother and a lack of maternal love. While this description seems graphic, it reflects a desire to be intimate with her mother on an emotional level and to connect with her, which is represented by the physical connection that Lorde describes. The desire to connect with her mother, the woman who ties her to the motherland of Carriacou, directly relates to Lorde’s desires for a sense of home, belonging, and community. Linda’s eroticism not only reflects Lorde’s own desire to connect emotionally with her mother and her motherland, but it also reflects Lorde’s belief that eroticism is a mode of female empowerment. Linda is portrayed as a force to be reckoned with from the beginning of the book. Lorde recognizes that her mother is â€Å"a very powerful woman, [†¦] something else quite different from ordinary woman, from simply ‘woman.’ It certainly did not, on the other hand, equal ‘man.’ What then? What was the third designation?† (Lorde 15). She continues, pondering what the difference is, coming to the conclusion that there is a certain queerness about powerful women. She refers to them as â€Å"Black dykes,† using the term in a broader sense, â€Å"in the sense of powerful and women-oriented women [†¦] And that includes my momma† (Lorde 15). Personally, Lorde observes a wider definition of lesbianism in which â€Å"lesbianism is a subject position derived most importantly from the presence of a powerful maternal figure. From this perspective, her claim to a lesbian legacy is not ‘fictive’ [†¦] but rather operates through a definition of lesbianism that is not limited to sexual desire. Lorde suggests that lesbianism consists of more than physical intimacy between women; it involves a specific orientation rooted in the care provided by a strong black mother in opposition to the hostilities and injustices of a racist and sexist society† (Li 144). Therefore, Lorde reads her mother as a lesbian. Linda’s power is emphasized by the eroticism that surrounds her. Especially in the first eleven chapters of the book, Linda is portrayed in a particularly erotic way, but also as an emotionally unavailable, harsh woman. While some readers consider the eroticism of Linda by Lorde to be taboo/incestuous, Audre Lorde has a broader perspective of eroticism and the powers it holds. In her 1984 essay â€Å"Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic As Power,† Lorde distinguishes between eroticism and pornography by describing the erotic â€Å"as an assertion of the life-force of women; of that creative energy empowered, the knowledge and use of which we are now reclaiming in our language, our history, our dancing, our loving, our work, our lives† (Lorde 55). Taking into consideration that eroticism is not necessarily sexual and that Lorde understands eroticism as a form of female empowerment, one can assume that the eroticism of Lord e’s mother adds to her power as a woman. Not only does it add to her power as a woman, but it adds to her power as a woman of color. Traditionally, Black females are either over-sexualized/fetishized or made into asexual figures like the Mammy trope. Often times, Black women are seen as either one trope or the other, and both tropes remove the woman’s agency and individual sexual identity; however, Lorde’s use of eroticism is sensual and powerful in a poetic way that defies both stereotypes of Black women’s sexuality. For instance, Lorde describes Linda while she is brushing Audre’s hair in an extremely sensual way: â€Å"I remember the warm mother smell caught between her legs, and the intimacy of our physical touching nestled inside of the anxiety/pain† (Lorde 33). Here, Lorde describes the intimacy between mother and daughter in a sensual way, with Linda particularly eroticized with her â€Å"warm mother smell [†¦] between her legs. † The eroticism adds to Linda’s power, while it also sparks â€Å"Audre’s process of associating the strength and authority of the maternal figure with the pleasure and power of the erotic† (Jacobs). Taking into account Lorde’s broader perspectives on both lesbianism and the erotic, Linda reads as an empowered Black, queer, female, who helps Audre form her own empowered Black, queer, female identity. The connection to the motherland naturalizes and depathologizes Lorde’s homosexuality. On Carriacou, a legend says that lesbianism is prevalent among the women on the island â€Å"who survived the absence of their sea-faring men† (Lorde 14). This legend makes space for homosexuality within the culture, hereby naturalizing it. In stark contrast, homosexuality in America was pathologized; homosexuality was not removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders until 1973, and other similar diagnostic categories such as â€Å"ego-dystonic homosexuality† were not fully removed from the DSM until 1986 (Herek). Through Carriacou, Lorde feels a sense of home, belonging, comfort, and community that she cannot find in America due to the pathologization of homosexuality. It is important to note that Lorde can only find this belonging and community through her mother’s connection to Carriacou. In the epilogue of the book, Lorde writes, â€Å"Ther e [Carriacou] it is said that the desire to lie with other women is a drive from the mother’s blood,† which strengthens her mother’s role in Audre’s construction of her queer, Black, female identity because same-sex desire stems directly â€Å"from the mother’s blood† (Lorde 256). Unlike Western culture, which traditionally silences queer voices and renders queer people invisible, Carriacou has language for queerness, which is crucial in developing Audre’s self-concept. The title of the book, â€Å"Zami† is â€Å"a Carriacou name for women who work together as friends and lovers† (Lorde 255). Lorde repeats this word and definition on several occasions throughout the book. Naming and language is extremely important in the development of identity and self-concept, which Lorde recognizes when she goes to Mexico: â€Å"For the first time in my life, I had an insight into what poetry could be. I could use words to recreate th at feeling, rather than to create a dream, which was so much of my writing had been before† (Lorde 160). Queerness exists in America as a diagnosis instead of a word. In Carriacou, queerness exists as a word, as â€Å"poetry,† transforming homosexuality into â€Å"feeling, rather than [†¦] a dream,† or something intangible, invisible, unheard, unseen. By naming queerness in a non-pathologized way, Carriacou continues to make a space for queerness within the culture. Without the connection to her mother and the motherland, Lorde would have been stuck within a culture that does not name homosexuality, but rather diagnoses it. Linda and Lorde’s relationship is a main element in the formation of her female, Black, queer identity. If Lorde had not been connected to Carriacou through her mother, queerness and female empowerment would have been even more difficult to come to terms with. Works Cited Herek, Gregory M. Homosexuality and Mental Health. Homosexuality and Mental Health. UC Davis, 1997. Web. 01 Apr. 2017. Jacobs, Bethany. Mothering Herself: Manifesto of the Erotic Mother in Audre Lorde’s Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the U.S, 40.4 (2015): 110-128. Lehmann, Carolin. Finding Herself through Her Mothers Struggle: The Quest for Black Lesbian Identity in Audre Lordes Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. (2013): 1-5. Web. 1 Apr. 2017. Li, Stephanie. â€Å"Becoming Her Mother’s Mother: Recreating Home and the Self in Audre Lorde’s Zami: A New Spelling of My Name.† Reclaiming Home, Remembering Motherhood, Rewriting History: African American and Afro-Caribbean Women’s Literature in the Twentieth Century. Ed. Verena Theile and Marie Drews. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009. 139–63. Print. Lorde, Audre. Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Berkeley, CA: Crossing, 1984. 53-59. Print. Lorde, Audre. Zami: A New Spelling of My Name: A Biomythography. Berkeley, CA: Crossing, 1982. Print.

University of Tampa Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Tampa is a private university with an acceptance rate of 49%. Located on an attractive 100-acre campus on the waterfront in Tampa, Florida, University of Tampa is a medium-sized masters-level university. The university has a 17-to-1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 21. With a core liberal arts curriculum, students can choose from over 120 areas of study. Popular majors include international business, biology/environmental science, finance, and marketing. In athletics, the University of Tampa Spartans compete in the NCAA Division II Sunshine State Conference (SSC). Considering applying to The University of Tampa? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Tampa had an acceptance rate of 49%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 49 students were admitted, making UTs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 22,310 Percent Admitted 49% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 20% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Tampa requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 73% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 550 630 Math 540 620 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of Tampas admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UT scored between 550 and 630, while 25% scored below 550 and 25% scored above 630. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 540 and 620, while 25% scored below 540 and 25% scored above 620. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1250 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Tampa. Requirements UT does not require the SAT writing section. Note that University of Tampa participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements University of Tampa requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 38% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 21 27 Math 20 26 Composite 22 27 This admissions data tells us that most of University of Tampas admitted students fall within the top 37% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UT received a composite ACT score between 22 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements The University of Tampa does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, UT superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of Tampas incoming freshmen class was 3.4. This information suggests that most successful applicants to UT have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Tampa Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Tampa. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of Tampa, which accepts approximately half of applicants, has a selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, University of Tampa also has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and a glowing letter of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule including AP, IB, Honors, or dual enrollment coursework. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside of UTs average range. Students applying for degrees in music, performing arts, or theatre will need to audition. The athletic training, education, and nursing programs also have additional requirements. UT has a non-binding Early Action program. At most universities, applying early can improve an applicants chances of being admitted. Early Action helps demonstrate interest in the university, and it has the added benefit of receiving an admissions decision earlier than regular applicants. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Youll see that most students who were admitted had high school averages of B or higher, combined SAT scores of about 1000 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 20 or better. Your chances are best your grades and test scores are a little above this lower range. If You Like the University of Tampa, You May also Like these Schools Among private universities that are of interest to University of Tampa applicants, the  University of Miami  is most popular. On the public front, University of Tampa applicants often apply to the  University of South Florida,  University of Central Florida, and  University of Florida. These public institutions obviously have a much lower price tag than a private institution such as the University of Tampa, but for students who qualify for financial aid, the actual cost may not be all that different.   All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and The University of Tampa Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Impact Of National Debt And The Economic Growth Of A Country

This report will evaluate the impact of national debt and the economic growth of a country. The UK economy will be used as the benchmark to evaluate the dynamics and the major player affecting the national debt. As it is known the national debt is influenced by the aggregate demand which is the sum of consumer spending, firm’s investment, government spending and net export of a nation and four macroeconomic objectives which are the positive economic growth, full employment, low stable inflation and an equilibrium in the balance of payment (export- import= 0) The notion of debt has several connotations. First of all, it is important to distinguish what government’s budget deficit and country’s debt mean. A country has to draw up the annual budget, which represent the difference between what is spending (such as in welfare and infrastructure) and what is earning (for instance tax revenue). A nation that spends more than it receives will have a budget deficit. In addition, to balance this deficit the country has to borrow some money. Thus, the HM Treasury has to issue treasury bonds, bills and notes in which the country is borrowing from the different investor as National Bank, domestic and foreign private investors, other countries etc. These bonds differ for the length of the payback (such as Treasury notes have to be paid in less than one year) and based on the bond duration they have different interest rates which are usually going to be higher whether the bond issued has aShow MoreRelatedUnited States National Debt1438 W ords   |  6 PagesUnited States’ National Debt The current economic event on the increase in the National government debt has become of interest to the public and the decision makers. This paper looks at the economic event as per Stephen Dinan’s article in The Washington Times dated on June 16, 2015, in regards to the impact of the increasing national debt to the general economic growth in America. The proportion of the United States National debt is increasing in comparison to the National GDP. It is evident fromRead MoreAn In-Depth Analysis of the European Debt Crisis908 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of the nature, causes, economic consequences, prevention as well as control of the European Debt crisis. A definition of the debt crisis is also provided. Recommendations on the way forward are also provided. Introduction Debt crisis is noted by Pescatori and Sy (306) to be a term that had before 1990s been used to typically refer to defaults in debt serving. This definition however became very problematic with the emergence of the sovereign bond markets. Debt crisis therefore generally dealsRead MoreThe Social Benefits Of Economic Growth And Development1342 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Benefits of Economic Growth and Development In general, individuals in developed countries strive to improve their quality of life. All developed nations, as well as developing countries, are currently experiencing the negative impact of the global economic downturn. This has prompted all nations to make economic development a top priority (Bruyn 14). Economic development is defined as a state in which a society enjoys sustained economic growth. One effect of economic growth is an increase inRead MoreA Model Of Sustained Economic Growth1720 Words   |  7 Pages The intention is to develop a model where sustained economic growth is the product of the alternation of numerous agents and this literature will provide insights to reasons for variations in Gdp growth during the recessionary period(2008-2013) in Europe while investigating the optimising agents which had significant impact on Gdp growth rate. The Solow growth(1956) hypothesis looked for the determinants of sustainable economic development in per capita gross domestic product. The modelRead MoreSimplified Chinese English German Traditional Chinese Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesCenter:Providing outstanding research papers download Home Management Education Economics Engineering Marketing Medicine Culture Science Computer Literature Political Legal English Philosophy Business Practical Accounting Work Plan Work Summary Fiscal Levy Securities Finance Financial Management Public Management Location:Research Papers Center economics papers International Trade papers papers Analysis of the European debt crisis continue to simmer China s influence and inspiration Papers Category:EconomicsRead MoreThe Federal Reserve Meeting920 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal funds at 0.25 percent to 0.5 percent (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). Labor markets experience growth confirmed by policy makers, yet economic activity was monitored as being slow (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). The risks associated with the financial developments of the country have ceased (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). The average percentage of interest rate in the U.S. averaged at 5.8. March of 1980 a record high was recorded at 20% (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). The lowest interest rates were recorded in theRead MoreThe Federal Reserve Meeting Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal funds at 0.25 percent to 0.5 percent (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). Labor markets experience growth confirmed by policy makers, yet economic activity was monitored as being slow (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). The risks associated with the financial developments of the country have ceased (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). The average percentag e of interest rate in the U.S. averaged at 5.8. March of 1980 a record high was recorded at 20% (TRADING ECONOMICS, 2016). The lowest interest rates were recorded in theRead MoreElementary Facts Should Not Be Forgotten1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe atmosphere. This is what has happened with the European countries, or EU. The euro has had a negative effect on the European economy because one simple elementary idea was forgotten. All of the sovereign states that make up the EU are separate, with economies at different stages of life and different policies and procedures to cope with or to combat their struggles. The euro, a single currency for a collection of European countries, created a smoother process of purchasing power within the EURead MoreImpact Of Globalisation In South Africa1114 Words   |  5 Pageseconomies and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. For South Africa, (SA), the process of globalisation began in 1994, at the end of its apartheid era. At this time, the country opened itself to the forces of globalisation, causing a huge impact on many aspects of its economy, accelerating economic growth but not necessarily development. For SA, globalisation has led to rapid growth in trade, driving economic growth. Trade has grown from 45%Read MoreSolution Of Debt Crises And Long Term Effects1618 Words   |  7 Pages1. Explanation of Debt Crises and long term effects (10 points) 2. Thorough discussion of budget deficits and potential solutions (10 points) 3. Thorough discussion of trade deficits and potential solutions (5 points) 4. Thorough discussion of political obstacles to potential solutions (5 points) 5. Discussion of solutions impacts on the macro economy (10 points) 6. Spelling, Grammar, and Style (10 points) The U.S national debt crisis is an issue that must be

Peoples Republic of China Facts and History

The history of China reaches back over 4,000 years. In that time, China has created a culture rich in philosophy and the arts. China has seen the invention of amazing technologies such as silk, paper, gunpowder, and many other products. Over the millennia, China has fought hundreds of wars. It has conquered its neighbors, and been conquered by them in turn. Early Chinese explorers such as Admiral Zheng He sailed all the way to Africa; today, Chinas space program continues this tradition of exploration. This snapshot of the Peoples Republic of China today includes a necessarily brief scan of Chinas ancient heritage. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Beijing, population 11 million. Major Cities: Shanghai, population 15 million. Shenzhen, population 12 million. Guangzhou, population 7 million. Hong Kong, population 7 million. Dongguan, population 6.5 million. Tianjin, population 5 million. Government The Peoples Republic of China is a socialist republic ruled by a single party, the Communist Party of China. Power in the Peoples Republic is divided between the National Peoples Congress (NPC), the President, and the State Council. The NPC is the single legislative body, whose members are selected by the Communist Party. The State Council, headed by the Premier, is the administrative branch. The Peoples Liberation Army also wields considerable political power. The current President of China and General Secretary of the Communist Party is Xi Jinping. The Premier is Li Keqiang. Official Language The official language of the PRC is Mandarin, a tonal language in the Sino-Tibetan family. Within China, however, only about 53 percent of the population can communicate in Standard Mandarin. Other important languages in China include Wu, with 77 million speakers; Min, with 60 million; Cantonese, 56 million speakers; Jin, 45 million speakers; Xiang, 36 million; Hakka, 34 million; Gan, 29 million; Uighur, 7.4 million; Tibetan, 5.3 million; Hui, 3.2 million; and Ping, with 2 million speakers. Dozens of minority languages also exist in the PRC, including Kazakh, Miao, Sui, Korean, Lisu, Mongolian, Qiang, and Yi. Population China has the largest population of any country on Earth, with more than 1.35 billion people. The government has long been concerned about population growth  and introduced the One-Child Policy in 1979. Under this policy, families were limited to just one child. Couples who got pregnant for a second time faced forced abortions or sterilization. This policy was loosened in December of 2013 to allow couples to have two children if one or both of the parents were only children themselves. There are exceptions to the policy for ethnic minorities, as well. Rural Han Chinese families also have always been able to have a second child if the first is a girl or has disabilities. Religion Under the communist system, religion has been officially discouraged in China. Actual suppression has varied from one religion to another, and from year to year. Many Chinese are nominally Buddhist and/or Taoist  but dont practice regularly. People who self-identify as Buddhist total about 50 percent, overlapping with the 30 percent who are Taoist. Fourteen percent are atheists, four percent Christians, 1.5 percent Muslims, and tiny percentages are Hindu, Bon, or Falun Gong adherents. Most Chinese Buddhists follow Mahayana or Pure Land Buddhism, with smaller populations of Theravada and Tibetan Buddhists. Geography Chinas area is 9.5 to 9.8 million square kilometers; the discrepancy is due to border disputes with India. In either case, its size is second only to Russia in Asia  and is either third or fourth in the world. China borders 14 countries: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burma, India, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam. From the worlds tallest mountain to the coast, and the Taklamakan desert to the jungles of Guilin, China includes diverse landforms. The highest point is Mt. Everest (Chomolungma) at 8,850 meters. The lowest is Turpan Pendi, at -154 meters. Climate As a result of its large area and various landforms, China includes climate zones from subarctic to tropical. Chinas northern province of Heilongjiang has average winter temperatures below freezing, with record lows of -30 degrees Celsius. Xinjiang, in the west, can reach nearly 50 degrees. Southern Hainan Island has a tropical monsoon climate. Average temperatures there range only from about 16 degrees Celsius in January to 29 in August. Hainan receives about 200 centimeters (79 inches) of rain annually. The western Taklamakan Desert receives only about 10 centimeters (4 inches) of rain and snow per year. Economy Over the past 25 years, China has had the fastest-growing major economy in the world, with annual growth of more than 10 percent. Nominally a socialist republic, since the 1970s the PRC has remade its economy into a capitalist powerhouse. Industry and agriculture are the largest sectors, producing more than 60 percent of Chinas GDP, and employing over 70 percent of the workforce. China exports $1.2 billion U.S. in consumer electronics, office machinery, and apparel, as well as some agricultural produce each year. The per capita GDP is $2,000. The official poverty rate is 10 percent. Chinas currency is the yuan renminbi. As of March 2014, $1 US 6.126 CNY. History of China Chinese historical records reach back into the realm of legend, 5,000 years ago. It is impossible to cover even the major events of this ancient culture in a short space, but here are some highlights. The first non-mythical dynasty to rule China was the Xia (2200- 1700 BCE), founded by Emperor Yu. It was succeeded by the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE), and then the Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 BCE). Historical records are scanty for these ancient dynastic times. In 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huangdi assumed the throne, conquering neighboring city-states, and unifying China. He founded the Qin Dynasty, which lasted only until 206 BCE. Today, he is best-known for his tomb complex in Xian (formerly Changan), which houses the incredible army of terracotta warriors. Qin Shi Huangs inept heir was overthrown by the army of commoner Liu Bang in 207 BCE. Liu then founded the Han Dynasty, which lasted until 220 CE. In the Han era, China expanded west as far as India, opening trade along what would later become the Silk Road. When the Han Empire collapsed in 220 CE, China was thrown into a period of anarchy and turmoil. For the next four centuries, dozens of kingdoms and fiefdoms competed for power. This era is called the Three Kingdoms, after the three most powerful of the rival realms (Wei, Shu, and Wu), but that is a gross simplification. By 589 CE, the Western branch of the Wei kings had accumulated enough wealth and power to defeat their rivals  and unite China once more. The Sui Dynasty was founded by Wei general Yang Jian  and ruled until 618 CE. It built the legal, governmental, and societal framework for the powerful Tang Empire to follow. The Tang Dynasty was founded by a general called Li Yuan, who had the Sui emperor assassinated in 618. The Tang ruled from 618 to 907 CE, and Chinese art and culture flourished. At the end of the Tang, China descended into chaos again in the 5 Dynasties and 10 Kingdoms period. In 959, a palace guard named Zhao Kuangyin took power and defeated the other small kingdoms. He established the Song Dynasty (960-1279), known for its intricate bureaucracy and Confucian learning. In 1271, the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis) established the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). The Mongols subjugated other ethnic groups including the Han Chinese  and eventually were overthrown by the ethnic-Han Ming. China flowered again under the Ming (1368-1644), creating great art and exploring as far as Africa. The final Chinese dynasty, the Qing, ruled from 1644 to 1911, when  the  Last Emperor  was overthrown.  Power struggles between warlords such as Sun Yat-Sen touched off the Chinese Civil War. Although the war was interrupted for a decade by the Japanese invasion and World War II, it picked up again once Japan was defeated. Mao Zedong and the Communist Peoples Liberation Army won the Chinese Civil War, and China became the Peoples Republic of China in 1949. Chiang Kai Shek, leader of the losing Nationalist forces, fled to Taiwan.

E Markets And E Commerce Activities - 800 Words

Another phenomenon, was regarding the emergence of e-markets. E-markets surfaced to facilitate online commerce activities. Producers and many companies, which act as third party, realized that internet could be used to not only augment sales, through advertisements, but also to directly sell products. E-markets and E-commerce As discussed earlier, the concept of e-market and e-commerce is directly related with internet. The modern technology has not only provided platform where companies can directly engage with customers and advertise their products, but also they can sell products. The statistics below depict the annual increase, from the year 2012 to 2013. As per projections, in the year 2018, the Business to Consumer online sales would reach $2, 356 billion, which shows effective these e-markets are and how high e-commerce activities are (Statistica, 2016). The increased online commerce activity also reveals that the systems, used for online commerce activity, have improved radically. This is considered one of the reasons, why the scale of sales, online, has increased. The most sophisticated and technology-based method are being used to facilitate only transactions and commerce related activities. Digital law Because of the increased role of internet, political-social-economic, states have made digitial laws to regulate affairs online. These laws are primarily meant to keep internet a safer place, from where people could retrieve information, market theirShow MoreRelatedImpact of E-Commerce to Malaysian Economy854 Words   |  4 PagesIMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMY E-commerce is the new buzz word. With the advent of the Internet, the development of e-commerce in both the developed and developing economies has developed at a rapid pace. Developing countries such as Malaysia are catching up fast as there are already 1.2 million Internet users. The private sector and the Government have taken initiatives to implement e-commerce. Physical and legal infrastructure for e-commerce in Malaysia have been put in placeRead MoreE Commerce Vs. Electronic Commerce1527 Words   |  7 PagesThere are plenty of ways to define the definition of E-commerce. For example, according to the Oxford Dictionary, E-commerce or electronic commerce is the commercial transaction that conducted electronically on the Internet. Some people define E-commerce as the processes of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information by using the computer network technology such as the Internet. 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To stand boldly in the face of challenges presented by the networked economy, firms must develop competencies that enable not only high performance market interactivity and adaptiveRead Moremarketing mix of amazon Essays930 Words   |  4 PagesThe marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organisation engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. Traditionally the marketing mix consisted of just 4 Ps with 3 extras; an example of marketing mix is Amazon. The most difficult task for any organization is creating an all-around environment which allows a group of customers to feel comfortable purchasing their products or services. The strategy requires the organization to determine the ideal productsRead MoreE Commerce, An Aspect Of Information Communications Technology1340 Words   |  6 Pagescapacities through the use of tools such as electronic commerce (e-commerce) (Briggeman Whitacre, 2010; Roe et al., 2014). E-commerce, an aspect of information communications technology (ICT), is defined as the buying, selling, and marketing of goods and services online (Hua et al., 2015). E-commerce lowers costs, increases revenues, raises productivity, and brings access to new markets (Briggeman Whitacre, 2010; Roe et al., 2014). E-commerce has advantages for small farm farmers seeking toRead MoreE-Commerce: Its Development and Future Perspectives754 Words   |  3 PagesE-COMMERCE: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES E-COMMERCE Manzoor and Amir defined E-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services via electronic means such as the internet. The e-commerce is generally efficient due to its availability throughout where the buyers meet the sellers online. Some services rendered to customers via e-commerce service include: automated data collection systems, mobile commerce, supply chain management

The Illusion that Money Brings Happiness - 803 Words

Some would say we are slaves to our primal urges, shackled in our endless pursuit of gratification and shaping our very existence around them. We gravitate towards the things in life that bring us pleasure, and recoil from those that cause us pain. People always show a feeling of wanting everything their way, as to wanting something. Just like everything else there are always limits. In order to obtain these things that people believe will bring them happiness, many go over the line. Many believe that with money they can have anything they desire. Though it may be true to an extent, sometimes the desires eventually turn into greed and people lose some of the most valuable things life has to offer. Focusing on the illusion that money brings happiness may have an unexpected turn later down the road. For instance, when someone reflects on how money would change their sense of well-being, they would probably think about spending more time in leisurely pursuits such as traveling abroad. But in reality, they would have to spend a large amount of time working and less time engaged in experienced happiness. Robert H. Frank says in his book Luxury Fever: Money and Happiness in an Era of Excess: â€Å"Even among those who can easily afford today’s luxury offerings, there has been a price to pay. All of us- rich and poor alike, but especially the rich- are spending more time at the office and taking shorter vacations; we are spending less time with our families and friends; and we haveShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s famous novel, The Great Gatsby, accurately re-creates this time period yet criticizes the changes of societal attitudes and its values that occurred, making Fitzgerald the first â€Å"American writer to write seriously about money and the effects of money on character† (Bruccoli). 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Daisy marries Tom instead of Gatsby to achieve her dream. To have the perfect picture life even though she is unhappy. Many people wantRead MoreThe Illusion Of The American Dream946 Words   |  4 Pages The Illusion of the American Dream 954 Money can not buy happiness, relationships, or life meaning. Multiple people in society base the success and meaning of a person’s life on the amount of money they possess. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, most characters make decisions based on how it will affect their wealth and reputations. One of the main characters, Daisy Buchanan, chooses money and status over others, even if it hurts her and the people around her. Daisy’s character reveals

Case Study of Salmah-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: With reference to the case Salmah may have made wrong perception toward her bosss decision. Discuss the possible decision that salmah could take in order to provide her with more accurate perception. Answer: In this case study, ABS Corp has two employees namely Salmah and Ahmed. In the three years that Salmah has worked at ABS, she has obtained the right experience and qualifications for promotion. Further, Salmah has been hardworking, disciplined, and innovative. However, an aspect of gender discrimination is manifest when Ahmed gets promoted by their boss. Salmah deserved the post, but due to discrimination and inequity, a less experienced employee, Ahmed receives salary increment and promotion from their boss. This demotivates Salmah and makes her less careful and innovative since she already forms a negative perception of her boss. Salmah's change from positive to a negative attitude to Ahmed and her boss is not a right decision to undertake. Instead, salmah should consider the following perceptions to the two: Communicate her discomfort and grievance to the boss in a more professional manner that the boss will use the right approach to employee promotion (Hendry, 2012). Salmah should join external professional firms and exploit her potential there. Salmah should seek assistance and advice from a qualified job coacher on how to move to the next level in her career. Salmah should establish informal social network support networks with people who can provide workplace issues insight. Employees motivation is a management concern which contributes to the success or failure of an organization in its daily operations. Employee discrimination demotivates and lowers staff morale (Stainback, Ratliff, Roscigno, 2011). The right strategies should get used by the management when promoting employees regarding positions and salaries increment. References Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Stainback, K., Ratliff, T. N., Roscigno, V. J. (2011). The context of workplace sex discrimination: Sex composition, workplace culture and relative power.Social Forces,89(4), 1165-1188.

Reading Topographic Maps Sample Essay Example For Students

Reading Topographic Maps Sample Essay Instruction manuals: Enter the Virtual Lab and gather information to finish your study. Please type your replies. When your lab study is complete. subject it to the Submitted Assignments country of the Virtual Classroom. Part I: Answer the undermentioned inquiries while in the Phase 4 lab environment. Section 1: Analyze the topographic map resembling the country you have been carry oning your field research on. Contour intervals occur every 10 metres. 1. List the lifts of the undermentioned points: 2. Label each point with the appropriate landform or construction utilizing the ushers consulted in this Phase: 3. Which of the three hills ( left. centre. right ) is the highest in lift? 4. What is the highest point of this hill? 5. Which of the three hills ( left. centre. right ) is the lowest in lift? 6. What is the steepest subdivision in the country? Part II: For the undermentioned inquiries. supply your response in short-answer format ( 2–3 sentences each ) . Use this Phase’s activities. lab research. and resources to help you in replying. 7. What are contour lines and disposition ( slope ) . and how do they demo the form of the land on a topographic map? 8. How would this map aid you determine the flood plain? 9. How would this map aid you plan a edifice development? 10. Where would you construct. and why? 11. How would this map aid you plan a route to the development? 12. Where would you construct and route this route. and why?

Writing A Contrast Essay Sample

Writing A Contrast Essay SampleThe contrast essay sample is a good idea to get your point across without doing any repetitive research. A contrast essay sample will help you make the most of what you have learned about the subject by giving you a number of great ideas that you can use in your own writing.It is not a time to repeat what you have learned in class. The best thing to do is to write an essay, outline the lesson you would like to convey, give it a title, and then write and submit it. This will give you enough time to revise again.Good things, though, to keep in mind: research has no place in a contrast essay sample. Your topic must be researched well.It is very important to research the topic well before you start writing. Don't just trust what your teacher tells you because your teacher may be taking you to an English department. Or you may be taking your teacher to an editing class where they may tell you that you can't write an essay on 'pop culture.' Whatever you want to say, you'll need to research it.Writing a contrast essay sample could be a useful way to learn and develop a reputation as an author. You'll learn to hone your skills as an essay writer as well as communicate your ideas in an interesting and concise manner.Not writing, well, your own writing will result in a positive result if your writing has 'wow' factor to it. It will give you a good foundation to start from, and a sense of confidence and self-esteem.So the next time you are thinking of doing a contrast essay sample, remember to keep it simple and very brief. In this way, it will be easier for you to write and follow your own ideas when you are a writer and know your topic.Remember, a contrast essay sample does not have to be boring. You just have to make sure you know what you are writing about before you start.

Al Capone Essays - Five Points Gang, Bootleggers, The Untouchables

Al Capone Essays - Five Points Gang, Bootleggers, The Untouchables Al Capone Al Capone is America's best known gangster and the single greatest symbol of the collapse of law and order in the United States during the 1920s Prohibition era. Capone had a leading role in the illegal activities that lent Chicago its reputation as a lawless city. Capone was born on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York. Baptized Alphonsus Capone, he grew up in a rough neighborhood and was a member of two kid gangs, the Brooklyn Rippers and the Forty Thieves Juniors. Although he was bright, Capone quit school in the sixth grade at age fourteen. Between scams he was a clerk in a candy store, a pinboy in a bowling alley, and a cutter in a book bindery. He became part of the notorious Five Points gang in Manhattan and worked in gangster Frankie Yale's Brooklyn dive, the Harvard Inn, as a bouncer and bartender. While working at the Inn, Capone received his infamous facial scars and the resulting nickname Scarface when he insulted a patron and was attacked by her brother. In 1918, Capone met an Irish girl named Mary Mae Coughlin at a dance. On December 4, 1918, Mae gave birth to their son, Albert Sonny Francis. Capone and Mae married that year on December 30. Capone's first arrest was on a disorderly conduct charge while he was working for Yale. He also murdered two men while in New York, early testimony to his willingness to kill. In accordance with gangland etiquette, no one admitted to hearing or seeing a thing so Capone was never tried for the murders. After Capone hospitalized a rival gang member, Yale sent him to Chicago to wait until things cooled off. Capone arrived in Chicago in 1919 and moved his family into a house at 7244 South Prairie Avenue. Capone went to work for Yale's old mentor, John Torrio. Torrio saw Capone's potential, his combination of physical strength and intelligence, and encouraged his prot g . Soon Capone was helping Torrio manage his bootlegging business. By mid-1922 Capone ranked as Torrio's number two man and eventually became a full partner in the saloons, gambling houses,and brothels. When Torrio was shot by rival gang members and consequently decided to leave Chicago, Capone inherited the outfit and became boss. The outfit's men liked, trusted, and obeyed Capone, calling him The Big Fellow. He quickly proved that he was even better at organization than syndicating and expanding the city's vice industry between 1925 and 1930. Capone controlled speakeasies, bookie joints, gambling houses, brothels, income of $100,000,000 a year. He even acquired a sizable interest in the largest cleaning and dyeing plant chain in Chicago. Although he had been doing business with Capone, the corrupt Chicago mayor William Big Bill Hale Thompson, Jr. decided that Capone was bad for his political image. Thompson hired a new police chief to run Capone out of Chicago. When Capone looked for a new place to live, he quickly discovered that he was unpopular in much of the country. He finally bought an estate at 93 Palm Island, Florida in 1928. Attempts on Capone's life were never successful. He had an extensive spy network in Chicago, from newspaper boys to policemen, so that any plots were quickly discovered. Capone, on the other hand, was skillful at isolating and killing his enemies when they became too powerful. A typical Capone murder consisted of men renting an apartment across the street from the victim's residence and gunning him down when he stepped outside. The operations were quick and complete and Capone always had an alibi. Capone's most notorious killing was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. On February 14, 1929, four Capone men entered a garage at 2122 N. Clark Street. The building was the main liquor headquarters of bootlegger George Bugs Moran's North Side gang. Because two of Capone's men were dressed as police, the seven men in the garage thought it was a police raid. As a result, they dropped their guns and put their hands against the wall. Using two shotguns and two machine guns, the Capone men fired more than 150 bullets into the victims. Six of the seven killed were members of Moran's gang; the seventh was

The Problem With Feudalism

The Problem With Feudalism Medieval historians arent generally bothered by words. In fact, the intrepid medievalist is always ready to leap into the rough-and-tumble milieu of Old English word origins, medieval French literature, and Latin Church documents. Icelandic Sagas hold no terror for the medieval scholar! Next to these challenges, the esoteric terminology of medieval studies is mundane, and no threat to the historian of the Middle Ages. But theres one word that has become the bane of medievalists everywhere. Use it in discussing medieval life and society, and the average medieval historian will screw up his face in revulsion. There might be some sighs, some head shaking, and perhaps even some hands thrown in the air. What is this word that has the power to annoy, disgust, and even upset the ordinarily cool and collected medievalist? Feudalism. Every student of the Middle Ages is at least somewhat familiar with feudalism. The term is usually defined as follows: Feudalism was the dominant form of political organization in medieval Europe. It was a hierarchical system of social relationships wherein a noble lord granted land known as a fief to a free man, who in turn swore fealty to the lord as his vassal and agreed to provide military and other services. A vassal could also be a lord, granting portions of the land he held to other free vassals; this was known as subinfeudation, and often led all the way up to the king. The land granted to each vassal was inhabited by serfs who worked the land for him, providing him with income to support his military endeavors; in turn, the vassal would protect the serfs from attack and invasion. Of course, this is an extremely simplified definition, and there are many exceptions and caveats that go along with this model of medieval society, but the same could be said of any model applied to a historical period. Generally, it is fair to say that this is the explanation for feudalism youll find in most history textbooks of the 20th century, and it is very close to every dictionary definition available. The problem? Virtually none of it is accurate. Feudalism  was  not the dominant form of political organization in medieval Europe. There was no hierarchical system of lords and vassals engaged in a structured agreement to provide military defense. There was no subinfeudation leading up to the king. The arrangement whereby serfs worked the land for a lord in return for protection, known as manorialism or seignorialism, was not part of a feudal system. Monarchies of the early Middle Ages may have had their challenges and their weaknesses, but kings did not use feudalism to exert control over their subjects, and the feudal relationship was not the glue that held medieval society together. In short, feudalism as described above never existed in Medieval Europe. We know what youre thinking. For decades, even centuries, feudalism has characterized our view of medieval society. If it never existed, then why did so many historians say it did for so long? Werent there entire books written on the subject? Who has the authority to say that all those historians were wrong? And if the current consensus among the experts in medieval history is to reject feudalism, why is it still presented as reality in nearly every medieval history textbook? The best way to answer these questions is to engage in a little historiography. Lets begin with a look at the origin and evolution of the term feudalism. A Post-Medieval What, Now? The first thing to understand about the word feudalism is that it was never used during the Middle Ages. The term was invented by 16th- and 17th-century scholars to describe a political system of several hundred years earlier. This makes feudalism a post-medieval construct. Theres nothing inherently wrong with constructs. They help us understand alien ideas in terms more familiar to our modern thought processes. The phrases Middle Ages and medieval are constructs, themselves. (After all, medieval people didnt think of themselves as living in a middle age they thought they were living in the now, just like we do.) Medievalists may not like the way the term medieval is used as an insult, or how absurd myths of past customs and behavior are commonly attributed to the Middle Ages, but most are confident that the use of middle ages and medieval to describe the era as in between the ancient and early modern eras is satisfactory, however fluid the definition of all three time frames may be. But medieval has a fairly clear meaning based on a specific, easily-defined viewpoint. Feudalism cannot be said to have the same. In 16th  century France,  Humanist  scholars grappled with the history of Roman law and its authority in their own land. They examined, in depth, a substantial collection of Roman law books. Among these books was something called the  Libri Feudorum- the Book of Fiefs. The  Libri Feudorum  was a compilation of legal texts concerning the proper disposition of fiefs, which were defined in these documents as lands held by people referred to as vassals. The work had been put together in Lombardy, northern Italy, in the 1100s, and over the course of the intervening centuries, many lawyers and other scholars had commented on it and added definitions and interpretations, or  glosses.  The  Libri Feudorum  is an extraordinarily significant work that, to this day, has been barely studied since the 16th-century French lawyers gave it a good look. In the course of their evaluation of the Book of Fiefs, the scholars made some fairly reasonable assumptions: That the fiefs under discussion in the texts were pretty much the same as the fiefs of 16th-century France- that is, lands belonging to nobles.That the  Libri Feudorum  was addressing actual legal practices of the 11th century and not simply expounding on an academic concept.That the explanation of the origins of fiefs contained in the  Libri Feudorum- that is, that grants were initially made for as long as the  lord  chose, but were later extended to the grantees lifetime and  afterward  made hereditary- was a reliable history and not mere conjecture. The assumptions may have been reasonable- but were they correct? The French scholars had every reason to believe they were, and no real reason to dig any deeper. After all, they werent so much interested in the historical  facts of the time period as they were in the legal questions addressed in the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Libri Feudorum.  Their foremost consideration was whether or not the laws even had any authority in France- and, ultimately, the French lawyers rejected the authority of the Lombard Book of Fiefs. However, during the course of their investigations, and based in part on the assumptions outlined above, the scholars who studied the  Libri Feudorum  formulated a view of the Middle Ages. This general picture included the idea that feudal relationships, wherein noblemen granted fiefs to free vassals in return for services, were important in medieval society because they provided social and military security at a time when  the central  government was weak or nonexistent. The idea was discussed in editions of the  Libri Feudorum  made by the legal scholars Jacques Cujas and Franà §ois Hotman, both of whom used the term  feudum  to indicate an arrangement involving a  fief. It didnt take long for other scholars to see some value in the works of Cujas and Hotman and apply the ideas to their own studies. Before the 16th century was over, two Scottish lawyers- Thomas Craig and Thomas Smith- were using feudum in their classifications of Scottish  lands and their tenure. It was apparently Craig who first expressed the idea of feudal arrangements as a hierarchical  system;  moreover, it was  a  system that was imposed on nobles and their subordinates by their monarch as a matter of policy.  In the 17th century,  Henry Spelman, a noted English antiquarian, adopted this viewpoint for English legal history, as well. Although Spelman never used the word feudalism, either, his work went a long way toward creating an -ism from the handful of ideas over which Cujas and Hotman had theorized. Not only did Spelman maintain, as Craig had done, that feudal arrangements were part of a system, but he related the English feudal heritage with that of Europe, indicating that feudal arrangements were characteristic of medieval society as a whole. Spelman wrote with authority, and his hypothesis was happily accepted as fact by scholars who saw it as a sensible explanation of medieval social and property relations. Over the next several decades, scholars explored and debated feudal ideas. They expanded the meaning of the term from legal matters and adapted it to other aspects of medieval society. They argued over the origins of feudal arrangements and expounded on the various levels of  subinfeudation. They incorporated manorialism and applied it to the agricultural economy. They envisioned a complete system of feudal agreements that ran throughout all of Britain and Europe. What they did  not  do was challenge Craigs or Spelmans interpretation of the works of Cujas and Hotman, nor did they question the conclusions that Cujas and Hotman had drawn from the  Libri Feudorum. From the vantage point of the 21st century, its easy to ask why the facts were overlooked in favor of the theory. Present-day historians  engage in  a rigorous  examination of the evidence and clearly identify a theory as a theory (at least, the good ones do). Why didnt 16th- and 17th-century scholars do the same? The simple answer is that history as a scholarly field has evolved over time; and in the 17th century, the academic discipline of  historical  evaluation was in its infancy. Historians did not yet have the tools- both physical and figurative- we take for granted today, nor did they have the example of scientific methods from other fields to look to and incorporate into their own learning processes. Besides, having a straightforward model by which to view the Middle Ages gave scholars the sense that they understood the time period. Medieval society becomes so much easier to evaluate and comprehend if it can be labeled and fit into a simple organizational structure. By the end of the 18th century, the term feudal system was in use among historians, and by the middle of the 19th century, feudalism had become a fairly well-fleshed out model, or construct, of medieval government and society. The idea spread beyond the cloistered halls of academia. Feudalism became a buzzword for any oppressive, backward, hidebound system of government. In the  French Revolution, the feudal regime was abolished by the  National Assembly, and in Karl Marxs  Communist Manifesto,  feudalism was the oppressive, agrarian-based economic system that preceded the inequitable, industrialized, capitalist economy. With such far-ranging appearances in both academic and mainstream usage, it would be an extraordinary challenge to break free of what was, essentially, a wrong impression. In the late 19th century, the field of medieval studies began to evolve into a serious discipline. No longer did the average historian accept as fact everything that had been written by his predecessors and repeat it as a matter of course. Scholars of the medieval era began to question interpretations of the evidence, and they began to question the evidence, as well. This was by no means a swift process. The medieval era was still the bastard child of historical study; a dark age of ignorance, superstition, and  brutality; a thousand years without a bath.  Medieval historians had a great deal of prejudice, fanciful inventions and misinformation to overcome, and there was no concerted effort to shake things up and reexamine every theory ever floated in the study of the Middle Ages. And feudalism had become so entrenched in our view of the time period, it wasnt an obvious choice of target to overturn. Even once historians began to recognize the system as a post-medieval construct, the validity of the construct wasnt questioned. As early as 1887,  F. W. Maitland  observed in a lecture on English constitutional history that we do not hear of a feudal system until feudalism ceased to exist.  He examined in detail what feudalism supposedly was and discussed how it could be applied to English medieval law, but never did he question its very existence. Maitland was a well-respected scholar, and much of his work is still enlightening and useful today. If such an esteemed historian treated feudalism as a legitimate system of law and government, why should anyone think to question him? For a long time, nobody did. Most medievalists continued in Maitlands vein, acknowledging that the word was a construct, and an imperfect one at that, yet going forward with articles, lectures, treatises and entire books on what exactly feudalism had been; or, at the very least, incorporating it into related topics as an accepted fact of the medieval era. Each historian presented his own interpretation of the model- even those claiming to adhere to a previous interpretation deviated from it in some significant way. The result was an unfortunate number of varying and even conflicting definitions of feudalism. As the 20th century progressed, the discipline of history grew more rigorous. Scholars uncovered new evidence, examined it closely, and used it to modify or explain their view of feudalism. Their methods were sound, as far as they went, but their premise was problematic: they were trying to  adapt  a deeply flawed theory to such a wide variety of facts. Although several historians  expressed concerns over the indefinite nature of the well-worn model and the terms many imprecise meanings, it wasnt until 1974 that anyone thought to stand up and point out the most basic, fundamental problems with feudalism. In a ground-breaking article entitled The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe,  Elizabeth A. R. Brown  leveled an unwavering finger at the academic community and roundly denounced the term feudalism and its continued use. Clearly,  feudalism was a construct that was developed  after  the Middle Ages, Brown maintained, and the system it described bore little resemblance to actual medieval society. Its many differing, even contradictory definitions had so muddied the waters that it had lost any useful meaning. The construct was actually interfering with the proper examination of evidence concerning medieval law and society; scholars viewed land agreements and social relationships through the warped lens of the feudalism construct, and either disregarded or dismissed anything that didnt fit into their chosen version of the model. Brown asserted  that  considering how difficult it is to unlearn what one has learned, to continue to include feudalism in introductory texts would do readers of those texts a grave injustice. Browns article was very well-received in academic circles. Virtually no American or British medievalists objected to any part of it, and almost everyone who read it agreed: Feudalism was not a useful term, and really should go. Yet, feudalism stuck around. There were improvements. Some new publications in medieval studies avoided using the term altogether; others used it only  sparingly,  and focused on actual laws, land tenures, and legal agreements instead of on the model. Some books on medieval society refrained from characterizing that society as feudal. Others, while acknowledging that the term was in dispute, continued to use it as a useful shorthand for lack of a better term, but only as far as it was necessary. But there were still authors that included descriptions of feudalism as a valid model of medieval society with little or no caveat. Why? For one thing, not  every  medievalist had read Browns  article,  or had a chance to consider its implications or discuss it with his colleagues. For another, revising work that had been conducted on the premise that feudalism was a valid construct would require the kind of reassessment that few historians were prepared to engage in, especially when deadlines were drawing near. Perhaps most significantly, no one had presented a reasonable model or explanation to use in place of feudalism. Some historians and authors felt they had to provide their readers with a handle by which to grasp the general ideas of medieval government and society. If not feudalism, then what? Yes, the emperor had no clothes; but for now, he would just have to run around naked.